SI prefixes

An SI prefix is a name that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a decimal multiple or fraction of the unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol.

Name Zeichen Potenz Faktor
Yotta Y 1024 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000
Zetta Z 1021 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000
Exa E 1018 1.000.000.000.000.000.000
Peta P 1015 1.000.000.000.000.000
Tera T 1012 1.000.000.000.000
Giga G 109 1.000.000.000
Mega M 106 1.000.000
Kilo k 103 1.000
Hekto h 102 100
Deka da 101 10
Dezi d 10-1 0,1
Zenti c 10-2 0,01
Milli m 10-3 0,001
Mikro µ 10-6 0,000.001
Nano n 10-9 0,000.000.001
Pico p 10-12 0,000.000.000.001
Femto f 10-15 0,000.000.000.000.001
Atto a 10-18 0,000.000.000.000.000.001
Zepto z 10-21 0,000.000.000.000.000.000.001
Yocto y 10-24 0,000.000.000.000.000.000.000.001

Boot VMware virtual machine into BIOS

The VMware BIOS passes that quickly, that you have no chance to enter the BIOS. If you want to access the BIOS to change the boot order, edit the .vmx file of you virtual machine with a text editor and add the following line.

bios.forceSetupOnce = "TRUE"

The next time you boot up the virtual machine, it will automatically boot into the BIOS. This configuration option then reverts to FALSE. You must set the option to TRUE each time you want to boot the virtual machine into the BIOS.

Calculate File Checksums with openssl

If you need to calculate the checksum of a file on Mac or UNIX simply use openssl:

openssl md5 DeleteCookies.zip
openssl sha DeleteCookies.zip

This command gives you the checksum of the file as a result.

Using chmod

chmod is the tool to change the permission on UNIX based systems.

For the options consult wikipedia.

Why is it worth to mention it here? If you change the permissions recusively ofer a directory tree, usually you do not have the right permissions for directories and for regular files.

You can avoid that by using find, as shown in the example:

find . -type d -print | xargs chmod 755
find . -type f -print | xargs chmod 644

Type “d” applies the change to directories, whereas type “f” applies it to files. find “.” means to all files starting in the current directory.


Use your Mac as tftp server

Activate the tftp server on your Mac. It works on Leopard and Snow Leopard:

To change the properties, edit the file

/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist

The default directory is /private/tftpboot.

Make this directory accessible for everybody.

chmod 777 /private/tftpboot

and start it with

sudo launchctl load -F /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist

If you want to stop the daemon, do

sudo launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist